Image recording and projection method and apparatus

ABSTRACT

In a pictorial projection method for creating an illusion of a large picture and an enhanced impression of space, pictorial images are successively projected through a projection system onto various areas of a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image. A recorded site-azimuth code indicator associated with each image is read by the projection system and utilized to modify the projection axis thereof and so determine the relative projection position of the associated image on the oversized screen. In a method for recording the images and associated site-azimuth code indicators, the indicators may be either arbitrarily selected to form a desired projection pattern for the images or generated automatically during recording of the image to correspond to the site and azimuth of the axis of the image recording device.

United StatesPa tient 1191 Q Gaz ale 41 IMAGE RECORDING AND PROJECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS [76] Inventor: Midhat Joseph Gazale, 96 Quai Louis Bleriot, Paris 16 eme, France 22 Filed: July 30,1973 21 Appl. No.: 383,813

[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 2-, 1972 France 72.27938 [52-] US. Cl 352/40, 352/44, 352/69, 352/70, 352/92, 352/94 [51] Int. Cl. G03b 37/02 [58] Field of Search 35 2/65, 69, 70, 92, 93, 352/94, l33, 134, 131, 39, 38, 40, 44; 353/94 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7 2,563,892 3/1951 Waller et al. 35 2/70 2,747,456 5/1956 Waller et a1. 352/70 3,282,155 11/1966 Cleary et al. 353/94 3,309,163 3/1967 White 353/94' 3,539,250 11/1970 Johnston 352/92 12/1970 Johns, Jr., 352/92 1451 Dec, 17, 1974 3,588,237 6/1971 Aldrich 352/131 3,677,626 7/1972 Farrari 352/92 3,713,733

l/l973 Johnston 352/92 Primary Examiner-John M. Horan' Assistant Examiner-Russell E. Adams, Jr,

[ 5 7 ABSTRACT In a pictorial projection. method for creating an illusion of a large picture and an enhancedimpression of space, pictorial images are successively projected through a projection system onto various areas of a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image. A recorded site-azimuth code indicator associated with each image is read by theprojection system and utilized to modify the projection axis thereof and so determine the relative projection position of the associated image on the oversized screen. In a method for recording the images'and associated site-azimuth code indicators, the indicators may be either arbitrarily selected to form a desired projection pattern for the images or generated automatically during recording of the image to correspond to the site and azimuth of the axis of the image recording device.

63 Claims, 17 Drawing Figures IMAGEJRECORDING AND-PROJECTION-METHOD I cording and projection method which allows the generation of an enhanced imp'ression'of space by projecting upon a large screen a picture of regular dimensions.

' ture taking by some means of recordingthe inclination after picture taking by artificial cording tothepresent process gives the impression of 'a' very large picture, and the projected image can shift around from a region of the screen to another from one moment to the next, according to the data contained in the SAC. The screen may be a very large section of a hollow sphere or cylinder. ltmay be, as an example, a,

Another object is to provide a projection process upon an oversizedscreen, the projected image of a regular picture, through the useof a particular code indicating the location of the image upon the screen.

A further object is to provide such a projection process characterized by the utilization of normal projection. methods associated with wide-screens (the dimensions of which are much larger than would normally correspond to the projected pictures), the projection being'oriented in azimuth and elevation towards varying regions of the wide screen, according to a recorded 5 program which relates each picture to a corresponding region of the screen. i r Yet another object is'to'p'rovi'de a recording method wherein the program may be generatedafter or during pucture-taking, by capturing upon a support data corresponding to the recorded.

Still another object is to provide such a recording position in space of the object being-- method wherein the recorded'program allows a sequence of recorded scenes to be .restituted upon the screen in the exact relative location of "the scenes as was present during recordinggby successively altering theprojection axis in like manner as was the recording axis.

A final object is to provide apparatus: for implementing the. above methods. 1 SUMMARY OF rue INVENTION The present method isadapted to the projection. of moving pictures aswen as still pictures, such as photographic slides. i r

In this method, the coded information representing I the region of the screen where. the projection of a parwhich allows one to locate, in' azimuth and elevation corded on a storage medium; during the projection process the storage medium containing the associated indiof the camera withrespect to some fixed reference, or

methods assigning to each frame a particular SAC. r

Projectionupon a wide screen of a regular picture acsection of a cylinder which is very. wide in the'horizontal plane, and of regular height in a vertical plane.

More particularly, the present invention resides in a method'for recording and subsequentlyprojecting pic:

tures successively onto various areas of a' substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern. During the recording process a pictorial image is recorded on a storage medium and an indicator of the relative pro-' jection position to be associated with the imageis recator is read and the projection orientation of a projection system is adjusted in accordance therewith. The: storage medium containing theimage Iis also read and the 'imagefprojected'through the projection systemonto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projectedir'nage.

The image may be recorded on photographic film or I i one frame ofa cinematographic (motion picture) film.

' In an embodiment, theimage'and associated indicator are recorded on the same storage'medium, typically a sound cinematographic film. When theimage and the associated indicator are recorded on the same. frame of cinematographic film, the associated indicator is read prior to the image. Alternatively, the image-and the associated indicator are recorded on different frames of I the same cinematographic film, the associated indicaas the associated, indicator, whereby upon projection of the image according tothe associated indicator the image is projected onto a region of the screen corre-- ticular frame is to occur is either directly recorded on the frame on a special track, or on some associated support, suchas a magnetic tape whose motion is synchronized with the transition of the frameslbeing projected, whether they be frames of a moving picture or still frames. 1 a s The region of the screen where a given frame is to be 7 projected is defined by the inclination of the projection beam as it emerges from the projection syste'm,this'in-.

clination being comprised of an azimuth and an'elevation or site, the first being an inclination or orientation of the beam in a horizontal plane and the latter its inclination or orientation'in a vertical plane. The coded information corresponding to the site (or elevationyand' the azimuth is referred to as site-azimuth code (SAC) and is recorded either on the frame or'on an auxiliary support. The SAC can either be generated during pic tor being recorded on alframe prior to the frame bearing the image. In another embodiment, the image and associatedindicator are recorded on separate and distinct moving storage media, the motions of whichstorage media are synchronized together. a

' In a preferred embodiment of the recording process, the orientation of the image recording apparatus is re corded, in real time in the course of image recording,

sponding to the real time position of the'image during recording. In an alternate embodiment, the associatedindicator is generated artificially and independently of the orientation of the image recording apparatus. In both embodiments the associated indicator is: preferably recorded as a site-azimuth code.

The indicator-recording storage medium may be read in discrete steps or advancedcontinuously during reading. in the former case, the image-recording storage medium is also advanced during reading in discrete jumps; for example,.jumps corresponding to frames of a cinematographicfilm- Iv The projection system preferably includes a plurality of mirrors rotatable about at least-two orthogonalaxes accordingto the associated indicator to cause a resul tant two dimensional deflection of the projected image.

In a" similar system, one, of the mirrors isrotat'ableabout only one orthogonalaxis according to the associated FIG. la;

indicator to cause a resultant one dimensional'deflection of the projected image. a

Apparatus for recording and subsequently projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprises a projection system and first and second storage media. The recording system includes means for recording a pictorial image on the first storage medium and means for recording an' indicator of the relative projection position to be associated with the image on the second storage medium. In connection with the projection system are means for reading the second storage medium and adjusting the'projection orientation of the projection system in accordance with the indicator thereon, and means for reading the first storage medium and projecting the recorded image through the standing in the projection window. We call plane X that projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION O F TI-IE DRAWING FIG. la is a perspective view of a projection system comprising a projector and a large screen; FIG. 1b is a perspective view of a frame as it appears in the window of the projector;

FIG. is aside elevational view of one embodiment of a projection system wherein-the SAC is recorded on FIG. 2a is a perspective view of a camera mounted in a tripod through an articulation allowing orientation'in site and azimuth of the camera;

FIG. 2b is a top elevational view of the camera of FlG. 2c is a side-elevational view of the same; FIG; 2d is a side elevational view of one embodiment on the film itself;

FIG. 22 is a side elevational view of another embodi system corresponding to FIG. 2e;

FIG. 5a is a schematic view of a deflection system using two mirrors and three reference axes.

FIG. 5b is a schematic view. of a deflection system analogous to that of FIG. 5a, to which two fixed mirrors are added.

. 4 corresponding to two different instants of the'projection. I

FIG. lb represents a frame being projected, as it is plane containing axis xx which is perpendicular to the frameplaneCurveXOX' of FIG. 1a represents the intersection of Plane X and screen E. Similarly, we call plane Y that plane containing axis yy' which is perpendicular to the frame plane. Curve YOY of FIG. la represents the intersection of plane Y and screen E. Point- O cuts each of XOX and YOY' in half. In practice,

plane Y will be vertical, however, plane X may not necessarily be horizontal, since it may happen that the pro jector be physically located higher than the horizontal axis of the screen. In FIG. la, image b has 0' for center.

and angles a and B are respectively its azimuth and site.

In the case illustrated by FIG. 10, the'SAC is recorded on the film itself, and reader "I is thatv device which reads the SAC off of the film and transmits to the logic L.

' FIG. 1d, shows magnetic tape. in being read by tape reader M which advances step by step. as itreceives stepping pulses. from emitter e which iscoupled to projector P.

' The present invention, as far as the projection or restitution system is concerned, is illustrated firstly by a reading'dev'ice which-reads the SAC off either the film itself or an auxiliary support ln the first case, the reading device is represented by l in FIG. 1c. In the second case,,such as that represented by FIG. 1d, the reading device is comprised of tape reader M and pulse emitter e which is coupled to projector P.

Still as'far as the projection or restitution system is concerned, the present invention is characterized secondly by a positioning device represented by symbol D in FIGS.'1a, 1c and 1d, which orientates the projection beam according to theSAC read by the reading device. v I

The present invention 'is characterized thirdly by logic L shown on FIGS. 1e and 11d, which translates the SAC into corresponding electric signals which operate thedeflection system. The devices describedpertain to the projection or restitution system regardless of the method in which the SAC is-generated and recorded.

FIG. 4b is a partial schematic view of the recording As far as the generation and recording of the SAC is concerned, the present invention comprises encoding systems referred to as real time encoding systems which measure and record, during filming, inclination v of the camera with respect to a fixed frame of refer- FIG. 5c is a schematic view of a fixed-site and vari-.

DETAILED DEISCRIIYTION OF Tl-IEPREFERRED EMBODIMENTS j,

FIG. la shows a projector P equipped witha deflector D which orientates the projection-beam toward any location of screen E. Two locations a and b arev shown the projection system ence, such as a tripod for example. The present inven- .tion also comprises SACgeneration and recording systems referred to as post-encoding systems which generate the SAC artifically, after filming.

In real-time encoding, each frame is accompanied by a code which reflects site and azimuth of the camera at l the very moment that this particular vframe is being shot and recorded on film. This method is illustrated by FIGS. 2a, 2b, 20 which represent camera C mounted on Tripod T through an articulation A which allows orien: tation of camera C in site and azimuth with respect to Tripod T. Axis cc is the optical axis of the camera lens system. System A is designed to measure inclination of I axis cc with respect to a horizontal plane, thus giving site, and its inclination with respect to a vertical plane,

thus giving azimuth.- System A generates the SAC, which it transmits to the logic through cable W.

FIG. 2d illustrates the case where the SAC is recorded on the film itself. In this figure signals are transmitted from device A, throughcable W to logic L which converts these signals to codes which in turn are recorded upon the film through recorder r. In the case where SAC is recorded on an auxiliary support, such as magnetic tape m of FIG. 2e, the signals generated by A are-transmitted through cable W to logic L which in turn converts these signals to SAC signals which are transmitted totape recorder M. I

Emitter e is a device which is coupled to camera C and generates synchronizing pulses to logic L as well as a recorder M. Emitter ,e' can be either a pair of contacts operated by the motor of camera C or some opto-electronic system detecting film motion.

As far asSAC generation and recording, therefore, the present invention is characterized firstly by a device A called inclination sensor, secondly by a recording system, represented by r in FIG. 2d and by M in FIG. 24?, and thirdly'by a writing logic L.

FIGS. 3a and3b illustrate the detail of articulation A of FIGS. 2a and 2b and 20 containing the inclination sensor which measures angles a and B shown on these figures, in real time, while filming proceeds. Tripod T is connected to a piece 1 on which a U-shaped piece 2 is articulated. The camera operator, once he has firmly fixed tripod T, orientates piece 2 so that platen 4 ishor-f izontal, He then locks piece 2 in place by fastening butterfly screw 3. PIatenS rotates over platen 4, and'the azimuth angle between the two can be read thanks to a cursor II which faces graduations 12 of platen 5. Platen 5 carries box 6 containing site and azimuth measuringdevices. U-shaped piece 7 is articulated in rod -8 with respect to box 6. The camera is attached at point 10 to piece 7 for movement therewith. Site ,anglecan be read thanks to cursor 11' on box 6, which faces graduations l2 on piece 7. r

Box 6 contains two classical shaft encoders, and FIG. 3b shows as a possible example encoders of the threephase servo type. Obviously,'any other shaft encoding which is being secured to the platen 4 upon which platen 5 revolves; Stator 15 is, of course, fixedly secured to box 6. Similarly, the rotor winding 16 of the site servo is secured to shaft 8 for rotation therewith,

. shaft 8 being secured to piece 7. Stator 17 is, of course secured to box 6.'

6 and 16 through wire pair The same reference signal feeds logic L through wire pair 20". a

The set of three wires 18 feed a synchro to digital converter 46 of classical design, which is also fed by the reference signal. Similarly, the set of three wires 19 feeds a synchro to digital converter 47 of the same type as 46, which is also fed by the reference signal.

FIG. 4a represents, as an example, 12-bit converters, which correspond to dividing the circumference into 4,096 parts. In practice, higher or lower precisions may be. required, and encoders as well as converters readily available in industry are very well adapted to precisions of this order. Bits 21 to 32 represent azimuth code, and bits 33 to 44 represent site code. Together, bits 21-44 represent the SAC. Along with every frame that is recorded on film 51 of FIGS. 4a, the corresponding 24. bit SAC must be recorded in'real time during-the fraction of a second during which the frame is exposed.

FIG. 4a represents a recording mode for those 24 bits upon track 52 of film 51. This track may be optical or magnetic and recording head 57 is therefore of the corresponding type. Film 51 is shownon the figure-at an instant when frame i is stationary in front'ofwindow 53. Arrow 58 shows direction of motion of the film. On

' frames, where k is a constant figure which, once it is decided upon, has to be rigidly respected through the system, in very much the same way as the'advance of the sound track in sound-on-film recording.As frame i is still at the window, frame i is just ahead of an imaginary line 59, in the plane of writing head 57.

In order to simplify description of the writing method, it is assumed that progression of the film under head 57 is exactly synchronous with its progression under window. 53. This progression proceeds in 'discrete steps, thanks to a mechanism of the Malta-Cross type or any other equivalent'mechanism This assumption is not necessarily realized in practice, and the present invention applies as well to systems where progression of the film under therecording'head is continuous at constant speed, whileit proceeds in discrete jumps The set of three'wires l8 and the set of three wires 19 carry, respectively, azimuth and site signals. Those six wires togetherwith the two-wires 20, which carry the reference signal, comprise cable 9 of. FIG. 3b.-

In FIG. 4a, dotted line A surrounds a portion of the drawing containing rotor windings, 14 and '16 of the azimuth and siteservos, respectively, as well as stator windings Band 17 of the same servos. The reference signal carried by wire pair 20 feeds rotor windings l4 tion.

under the window, as is the .case in sound-on-film recording. The following description of the SAC record-- ing head, while it proceeds in jumps under the window, I

described in the present invenare too classical to be The recording systems of the present invention may use existing cameras designed for multi-track sound retracks to SAC recordcording by devoting one of these ing.

Emitter e of FIG. 4a ismade up of cam-48 and con- -tactor 49. This devicegenerates an electrical pulse. called image pulse corresponding to the precise instant when one framebegins to leave the window. In the case where the film proceeds at uniform speed under the recording head, it isv more advantageous to have the image pulse correspond to shutter operation rather than film motion, since it allows the recordingof the camera SAC at the precise instant when frame 1' was being exposed, rather than .the instant when frame 1' I was beginning to leave the window.

In practice, it is assumed that at a-filming rate of 24 tle more. than milliseconds. It is precisely during these 10 milliseconds that the data available over wires 21. to 44 must be transfered to track 52.

The method shown on FIG. 4a, as an illustration, consists in first transfering bits 21 to 44 to a 24 bit shift register 47, this transfer occurring in parallel, then to transfer serially, bit by bit, the contents of shift register 47 to write head 57. Shift register 47 is a classical parallel-load, serial read-out register of a type readily available on' the market.

In FIG. 4a, bit a shifts to bit b, and so on, until ultimate bit d which exits from the shift register over wire 47' towards the write amplifier. Shift register 47 possesses 24 parallel inputs 21 to 44. Furthermore, it possesses a clock input 55 and a load input 21'. The image impulse generated by e' is connected to the register in load input 21 and causes the SAC to be loaded in parcording head 57. Recorder r of FIG. corresponds to recording head 57 of FIG. 4a.

FIG. 4b represents the case where SAC is recorded upon an auxiliary support. In this case, elements-A, L and e are identical to those of FIG. 4a. Output ynow is connected to magnetic recording head 62. Tape 61 is driven, for example, by stepping 'motor 64 through pulses received from emitter e over wire x.

To each'frame of film corresponds a recording ontape m." It is, quite possible to envisage, without-changing the system, that motor 64 is rotating at constant speed instead of in discrete steps, and that its rotation speed is synchronized with film motion, through synchronizing pulses received from emitter e over wire x.

In FIG. 4b, motor 64 drives magnetic tape ni through arrow 67. 1

allel from the synchro-to-digital'converters into shift register 47. Furthermore, the same pulse arriving over wire x, after having transited through a delaying circuit 54, starts a clock 55 which attacks register 47 at input 55', and advances the shifting of the register, which transfers the SAC, bit by bit, towards shaping and amplifying circuits 57 before attacking recording head 57. Device 55 also contains a counter which stops the clock after 24 pulses. j

In the case when the film is proceeding at uniform I speed under the write head, at.24 'frames per second, frame time is slightly over 40 milliseconds. If all 24 bits 'mustzbe allowed to be recorded in less than half this time, for instance, then a clock rate of 1,200 pulses per second is adequate. This corresponds to recording frequencies and recording densities which are very easily I implemented. In the case when the film is proceeding illustration, it is possible to use non-return to zero or double frequency recording, such as is widely used in magnetic recording, and which possesses the advantage of generating its own clock signal upon reading.

Delay circuit 54 is intended on the one hand to allow transfer of data from register 21 toshift register 44 before serialization begins, and on the other hand, in the- I ilarly, the area circumscribed by dotted line L" corresponds to recording logic I. of FIG. 2d and 20. In FIG. 4a, wires y carrying the signal from logic L'to the re- The area surrounded by dotted line M of FIG. 4b corresponds to recorder M of FIG 2e which has inputs y andx. Input x of FIG.'4b comes from emitter e, of FIG. 4a. Connections x and x carry the same signal coming from cam 48 and contact'49.

Upon projection, or restitution, the projection beam coming out of projector P must be deflected in site and azimuth according to the information contained in the SAC, whether this is read off the film itself or an auxiliquire moving rather heavy mechanical parts, and the system response cannot be fast enough to m'e'et system requirements, which are that the beam must ,be totally deflected in site and azimuth in less than 1'0 millisectwo very light mirrors, onefor site and the other for azi-. v muth, which can be rotated about two orthogonal axes;

the mirrors are mounted in such a way that the total deflection of the projection beam isthe resultant of two orthogonal deflections. I

FIG. 5a represents three orthogonal axes xx, yy'and zz. Axes xx and yy intersect at 'y' while vaxes'yy' and zz' intersect at 7. Mirror a is'attachedto'an axle a'a" which runs parallelto zz' through pointy. Similarly, I mirror b is attached to axle b'b" which runs parallel to xx through point 7'. An arrow F which is projected along axis xx in the direction x toward x is first reflected by mirror a then by mirror b, and casts an image F along axis 21' when mirrors'a and b make an angle of 45 with axes xx and zz respectively. A rotation a of axis aa" causes the image to slide from F onto F".

Similarly, a rotation B of axis bb causes the image to I slide from F to F. The conjunction of rotations a and B causes a composition of the above' two displacements, and the arrow slides from F to FIV.

' As shown in FIG. 5a, the arrow image is subjected to rotation which must be compensated for in order to restore its original. orientation. This is therole of fixed mirrors c and d, whic h are used in conjunction with mirrors a and b. In FIG. 5b, axis x is axis xx of FIG.

50. Similarly, axes y2 and z2 of FIG. 5b are respectively axes yy' and 22' of FIG. 5a. Axes y, and z; are parallel to y and 2 respectively. Mirror d is inclined at 45 with respect to each of axes x, and y, and its plane is parallel to axes z, and Z Similarly, mirror is inclined at 45 with respect to each of axes x and y, and its plane is to circuit 81, which amplifies and shapes the signal before transmitting it to circuit 79 which. restores orexsignal is sent over wire 84 to the clock input of shiftregister 80, and the data signal is transmitted serially over FF, while rotation of mirror b causes alsite displacement of the arrow. 1

In FIG. 5b, the organs GA and GS rotate mirrors a and b around their respective axes. Mirrors a, b, c and d, together with organs GA and GS can be mounted inside a box having two windows, one centered around axis Z and the other around axis 2 This box is inserted between projector P and the screen, very near the projector, so that the first of these two windows faces the projector, and the box is oriented in-such a way that axis 1 is the optical axis of the projector. Lens systems Al and A2 are disposed respectively, at the input and output windows of the box toimprove the optical properties of the system.

FIG. Screpresents a simplified case where it is required. to orientate'the beam in azimuth only, the site being fixed. Mirrors f, g,'h and q are all vertical. Mirrors, f, g and h are fixed, while q can rotate about a vertical axis. Mirror f intercepts the beam emerging from projector P. It is-inclined at 45 with respect to the optical axis of P, and reflects the beamtowards mirror g, parallel to mirror f, which in turn sends the beam towards mirror h, perpendicularto mirror g. Finally, mirror h reflects the beam toward mirror q,.which sends the beam towards a region of the screen depending on the rotation of mirror'q, which is actuated by an organ not shown in FIG. 5c.

FIG. 6a illustrates the principle of the read-out logic L of FIGS. 1c andjl'zLFilm 70 moves in front of window 72 and reading head 73 with arrow 71 indicating the direction of motion. I I

At the instant considered in FIG. 6a,frame i isstanding at the window. To simplify the description of principle, it is assumed that film motionunder the reading tracts the clock from the signal itself according to wellknown methods such as those used for instance in non return to zero double frequency recording. The clock wire 85 to the'data input of the shift register. This is a classical serial-in parallel-out shift register. Flip-flops a, b, and 0 represent the first three positions of shift register 80, while a, b and c' represent the corresponding positions of register'84. This is a classical parallel-load register with parallel read-out. Input 78 controls'parallel loading of inputs 82 through 102. When the register is loaded, content bits appear on wires 82' through 105'.

Upon arrival of a clock pulse on 84, Data appearing on 85 isintroduced into 'positionfi of shift register 80,

while data previously contained on a is introduced into I position .b, and so on. Upon the occurence'of the twenty-fourth clock pulse, the last SAC bit is introduced into-position a, 'whichnow contains in sequence 7 all 12 site bitsand all 12 azimuth bits. The clock pulse 1 ceasing to arrive, this information remains frozen in the shift register until the next frame, when the new SAC will'be loaded, thus pushing out the previous SAC;

When the frame starts moving, the image pulse-sent by cam 77 of emitter e is transmitted to-input 78, of reghead. as absolutely synchronous with that of the film under the window, and proceeds in discrete jumps. Frame 1" of FIG. 6a is itself frame i-k of FIG. 4a, that is to say, that very frame on whose margin the SAC recorded is that corresponding to frame i.

At the instant considered in FIG. 6a, it is not frame i which is about to cross the reading head line'74, but.

dow and is stabilized, deflection system D of FIG. la

must have already read and executed the SAC corre- I sponding to frame i. To achieve this, the system must 'have already read the SAC off the margin of frame i,

and stored it until the image pulse announcing the arrival of frame i is generated by cam 77 of emitter e and appears on wire 78. r Y I One method according to the present invention con sists in using double-buffering. The first of two registers 'ister 84, hence transferring, in parallel the contents of register 80 to register 84. For example, the bit in position a is transmitted to position a over wire 82. The

content of position a appears on wire 82'. -At-the in-' stantwhen frame i' l be'ginsto move-in'front of the read head, to be succeeded by frame i 2, the SAC of image i moves from register 80 to'register 84, so that when frame i is stabilized in the window,- its own SAC is already present in register 84.

This very same SAC had been read by the reading head when frame i' was crossing its line. Contents of register 84 are split into two groups of 12 bits each,

each group being connected a digital-to-analog converter. Bits 82 to 93' corresponding to azimuth code feed D/A converter 86 of FIG. 64;, while bits 94' to corresponding to site code feed D/A converter 87.The output of converter '86 is passed through a special amplifier 88 which, in turn, drives azimuth galvanometer GA through connection 90. Similarly, the output of converter 87 is passed through'special amplifier '89 which, in turn, drives site galvanometer GS through connection 91. T

Circuits surrounded by dotted line L in FIG. 6a correspond to read-out logic L of FIGS. 10 and 1d. GalvanometersGA and GS' of FIG. 6a are the same as-those receives data from the film and transmitsit to the second register, which in turn transmits 'it' tothe conversion devices which drive the mirror actuators.

to register 84. Reading head 73 reads data 75. recorded on the film track and-transmits it over connection 76 of FIG; 5b which represents deflector D of FIGS. 1a, 1c

and 1d. Circuits surrounded by dotted line eof FIG. 6a correspond to emitter e of FIGS. Ia and 1d.

The reason why reading head 73 is ahead of the win-- dow in FIG. 6a is that presently used systems of soundonsfilm recording are constructed in such a waythat the sound reading devices are ahead of the projection window. Thus the present invention can take advantage of such systems, without change, by using one of the sound tracks for SAC recording. Existing projectors i that is presently at the window. Reading head is there fore just about to read the SAC. off the margin of frames i -l- 2, when frame i being projected. The consequence of this construction is that the SAC of frame i is on the margin of frame i' itself. This presents considerable advantages, since each frame carries its own SAC, hence solving cutting, splicing and editing problems. Since each frame carries its own SAC, FIG. 6a, which illustrates projection of cinematographic film, if modified so that reading head lags behind the window, can also be used to illustrate projection of still frames or slides. One possible scheme consists of reading the SAC off the margin of the frame as it is being introduced into the projector and generating an image pulse artificially after the frame is completely introduced.

In the case where auxiliary recording on tape is used in conjunction with still slides, it is more advantageous to have the tape proceed at constant speed, and generate synchronization pulses which advance the projector a are respectively equal to one half of angles a: and [3 of FIG. la.

Various types of organs GA and GS can be used in application of the principles described in the present invention. 'As an example, actuators'can be used consisting of moving coil' or moving iron galvanometers. With existing galvanometers in industry attached to light mirrors, response times of the order of half a millisecond can be attained, which is, faster than required by the systems described in the present invention. The use of galvanometers and linear amplifiers presupposes, as shown in FIG. 6a, the conversion of SAC from its digital form to an" analog signal. This is easily achieved through digital to analog converters of the type widely available on the market.

The principles described in the present invention can also be implemented using other positioning systems, such as those commonly employed in numerical control. These may be devices where the actuator consists of a motor coupled to a binary disk which measures at every instant the actual rotation and compares it to the desired rotation shown on, output register 84 of FIG. 6a. There are also available on the market actuating devices which can convert binarydata directly into a corresponding mechanical displacement.

The principles described in the present invention are also applicable to systems where SAC is read off an auxiliary support such as magnetic tape m of FIG. Id. In this case, the system is analogous to that illustrated by FIG. 4b which corresponds to thewriting operation. Indeed it suffices to consider that head .62 is now a reading head instead of a writing head and that connections it and y of FIG. 4b correspond to connections 2 andu of FIG, 1d, where it is understood that this same connection u corresponds to connection 76 of FIG. 6a.

Furthermore, the principles described in the present invention are applicable to post-encoding systems,

where the SAC is created artificially, after filming, in-

stead of being generated in real-time. Post encoding.

vanced frame by frame and which drives recorder M in synchronism. The SAC isgenerated by articulation A as the viewer is moved in site and azimuth by the operator. Another arrangement can be realized, where the viewer is dismounted from articulation. A, the latter being manually operated by a sort of manually operated joystick.

From the preceding description, it is obvious that, if V it is required to project a frame carrying a SAC on a screen of regular dimensions, the frame canbe projected by means of a regular projector, that is'to say one that ignores the SAC recording. Similarly, one can use a projection system similar to those described in the present invention by disabling deflector D in such a manner that projection proceeds upon a fixed region of the screen. This is particularly advantageous in case of failure of any part of the deflection system, since projection can still proceed upon a fixed region of the screen.

By way of contrast with the known systems for stabilizing a series of projected images by comparison of a projected optical reference point with an external fixed I point (such as a photo-sensor at a reference point on the screen), the present invention provides a system for varying the location of a series of projected images exclusively in accordance withinformation contained in a SAC code--whether stated in orthogonal, polar or other coordinate systems-without respectto any ex-' ternal fixed point.

Now that various embodiments of the present inv'ention have been shown and described in detail,vari'ous modifications and variations thereof will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, still slides are now available with a magnetic strip for the recording of a voice or sound to accompany projection of the slide; obviously such slides could bev utilized as the storage medium for both the pictorial image and the indicator of the present the pictorial image being recorded'on the photographic elements and the indicator being recorded on the magnetic strip.

. comprising the steps of:

A. recording on a storage medium a pictorial image;

B. recording on a storage medium an indicator in site-azimuth codeof the relative projection position to beassociated with the image, the orientation of the'image recording apparatus being recorded in real time in the course of image recording as the associated indicator;

C. reading the storage medium containing the associated indicator and adjusting the projection orientation of a projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in the associated indicator; and

D. reading the storage medium containing the image and projecting the imagethrough the projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image;

whereby upon projection of the image according to the associated indicator the image is projected onto a region of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the image during recording.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the image is recorded on photographic film.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the image is recorded on one frame of a cinematographic film.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the image and associated indicator are recorded on the same storage medium.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on the same storage medium, the storage medium comprising sound cinematographic film.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on the same frame of cinematographic film.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein the associated indicator is read prior to the image.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on different frames of the same cinematographic film, the associated indicator being recorded on a frame prior to the frame bearing the image. I

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the image andassociated indicator are recorded on separate and distinct moving storagemedia, the motions of which storage media are synchronized together.

10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the associated indicator is recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicatorrecording storage medium is read in discrete steps.

,l2.'The method of claim 11 wherein the imagek system includes a mirror rotatable about only one'or- I thogonal a'xis according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected image. 16. Apparatus for recording and subsequently projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising:

A. a projection system; v

B. first and second storage media;

C. means for recording a pictorial image on said first storage medium;

D. means for recording an indicator in site-azimuth code of the relative projection position to be associated with the image on said second storage medium, the associated indicator representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in real time in the course of image recording;

E. means for reading said second storage medium and adjusting the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in theassociated indicator thereon; and

F. means for reading said'first storage medium and .real time position of the imageduringrec'ording.

17. A method for recording pictures for subsequent projection successively on to various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising the steps of: v

A. recording on a storage medium pictorial images; i

and

B. recording on astorage medium for each image an" indicator in site-azimuth code 'of the relative proimage to project the image onto aregion of the screen corresponding to the position of the image during recording. 18..The method of claim 17 wherein the recorded on photographic film.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein each image is Y recorded on one frame of a cinematographic film.

20. The method of claim 17 wherein the images and the associated indicators are recordedon 4 the sam storage medium.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the images and the associated indicators are recorded on the same storage medium, the' storage medium comprising sound cinematographic film.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein each image and its associated indicator are recorded on the same frame of cinematographic film. I

23. The method of claim 20 wherein each image and associated indicator are recorded on different frames of the same cinematographic film, the associated indicator being recorded on a frame prior to the frame bearing the image.

- 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the'images and associated indicators are recorded on separate and distinct moving storage media, the motions of which storage media are synchronized together.

images are 25. A method according to. claim 17 wherein each as-.

sociated indicator is recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code. I

26. The method of claim 17 wherein the indicatorrecording storage medium is advanced in discrete steps during recording.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein the imagerecording storage medium is advanced in discrete jumps corresponding to frames of a cinematographic film.

28. The method of claim 17 wherein the indicatorrecording storage medium is advanced continuously during recording. I

29. Apparatus for recording pictures for subsequent projection successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a' predetermined pattern comprising:

A. first and second storage media;

B. means for successively recording pictorial images on said first storage medium; and

36. The method of claim 35 wherein each associatedindicator is read prior to the image.

37. The method of claim 34 wherein the same storage medium is cinematographic film and each image and 'containing storage medium is read in discrete steps.

C. means for successively recording indicators of the 4 relative projection position to be associated with each image on said second storage medium, the

orientation of the image recording apparatus being recorded in real time in the course of image recording as the associated indicator; I

whereby subsequent projection of each recorded image through a projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image is modifiable accordingto the recorded associated indicator to project the image onto a region of thescreen corresponding to the position of the image during recording.

30. 'A method for projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising the steps of:

A. reading a storage medium containing the projection position indicatorsassociated with the pictorial images to be projected and successively adjusttem exclusively in accordance with information contained'in the associated indicators, the associated indicators representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in the course of real time image recording; and

B. reading a storage medium containing the images and projecting the images through the projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected images to project the images onto regions of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the im- 7 ages during recording.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein the storage medium containing the images is photographic film.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the storage medium containing the images" is cinematographic film and each frame thereof contains a single image.

33. The method of claim 30 'wherein the same storage mediumcontains the images and associated indicators.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the samestorage .medium is cinematographic film and each image and associated indicator are read from the same frame thereof.

4O ing the projection orientation of a projection sys- 41. The method of claim 40 wherein the image containing storage medium is advanced during reading in discrete jumps corresponding to frames-of a cinematographic film. j I Y 42. The method of claim 30 wherein the indicator containing storage medium is advanced continuously during reading.

43. The method of claim 30 wherein the projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about differ 44. The method of claim 30 wherein the projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the associated indicators to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected images.

45. Apparatus for projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in' a predetermined pattern. comprisingz' A. a projection system; B. first and second storage media; said first-storage medium bearing pictorial imagesand said second ages, the associated indicators representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in the course of real time image recording;

C. means for reading said second storage medium and adjusting the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with,

information contained in the associated indicators thereon; and

D. means for reading said first storage medium and projecting the images through said projection sys-. tem onto a screensubstantially oversized relative to the projected images to project the images onto regions of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the images during image recording. 46. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (B) the indicator is electromagnetically recorded on the storage medium, and in step (C) the associated indicator is electromagnetically read from the storage medium containing the associated indicator.

47. The methodof claim 1 wherein in step (C) the projection orientation of the projection system is adjustedexclusively in'accordance with the information contained in the indicator.

48. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about different orthogonal axes according to the associated Y storage medium bearing indicators of the relativeprojection positions to be associated with the image medium.

. senting a site-azimuth code.

indicator to cause a resultant two dimensional deflection of the projected image.

49. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected image.

50. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said indicator recording means records the indicator electromagnetically on said second storage medium, and said means for reading said second-storage medium electromagnetically reads the indicator.

51. The apparatus ofclaim 16 wherein said projection orientation adjusting means adjusts the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with theinforrnation contained in the indicator;

52. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said indicator recording means records the indicator'as bits repre} senting a site-azimuth code,.and said means for reading said second storage medium reads the bits of the indicatoron said second storage medium as a site-azimuth code. I

53. The method of claim 17 wherein in step (B) the indicator is electromagnetically recorded on'the stor- 54. The apparatus of claim '29 wherein said indicator jected images.

. orientation of said projection system exclusively in ac-- recording meanselectromagnetically recordsthe. indicators on said secondstorage medium.

55; The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said indicator recording means records each indicator'as bits repre- 56. The method of claim 30 wherein in step the indicators are electromagnetically'read from said stor- 59. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein s'aid projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only-one orthogonal axis according to the indicators to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected images.

60. The-apparatus of claim 45 wherein the indicators are electromagnetically recorded on said secondstor age medium, and said means for reading said second storage medium reads the indicators electromagnetically from said second storage medium;

v 61. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said projection orientation adjusting means adjusts the projection cordance with the information contained in the indicators.

62. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein the indicators are recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code.

63. The apparatus'of claim 45. including means for advancing the indicator-containing storage" medium continuously during reading.

the information 

1. A method for recording and subsequently projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising the steps of: A. recording on a storage medium a pictorial image; B. recording on a storage medium an indicator in site-azimuth code of the relative projection position to be associated with the image, the orientation of the image recording apparatus being recorded in real time in the course of image recording as the associated indicator; C. reading the storage medium containing the associated indicator and adjusting the projection orientation of a projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in the associated indicator; and D. reading the storage medium containing the image and projecting the image through the projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image; whereby upon projection of the image according to the associated indicator the image is projected onto a region of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the image during recording.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the image is recorded on photographic film.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the image is recorded on one frame of a cinematographic film.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the image and associated indicator are recorded on the same storage medium.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on the same storage medium, the storage medium comprising sound cinematographic film.
 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on the same frame of cinematographic film.
 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the associated indicator is read prior to the image.
 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the image and the associated indicator are recorded on different frames of the same cinematographic film, the associated indicator being recorded on a frame prior to the frame bearing the image.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the image and associated indicator are recorded on separate and distinct moving storage media, the motions of which storage media are synchronized together.
 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein the associated indicator is recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicator-recording storage medium is read in discrete steps.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the image-recording storage medium is advanced during reading in discrete jumps corresponding to frames of a cinematographic film.
 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicator-recording storage medium is advanced continuously during reading.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about different orthogonal axes according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant two dimensional deflector of the projected image.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the pRojected image.
 16. Apparatus for recording and subsequently projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising: A. a projection system; B. first and second storage media; C. means for recording a pictorial image on said first storage medium; D. means for recording an indicator in site-azimuth code of the relative projection position to be associated with the image on said second storage medium, the associated indicator representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in real time in the course of image recording; E. means for reading said second storage medium and adjusting the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in the associated indicator thereon; and F. means for reading said first storage medium and projecting the recorded image through said projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image; whereby upon projection of the image according to the associated indicator the image is projected onto a region of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the image during recording.
 17. A method for recording pictures for subsequent projection successively on to various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising the steps of: A. recording on a storage medium pictorial images; and B. recording on a storage medium for each image an indicator in site-azimuth code of the relative projection position to be associated with the image, the orientation of the image recording apparatus being recorded in real time in the course of image recording as the associated indicator; whereby subsequent successive projection of each image through a projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image may be modified by adjusting the projection orientation of the projection system in accordance with the indicator associated with the image to project the image onto a region of the screen corresponding to the position of the image during recording.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the images are recorded on photographic film.
 19. The method of claim 18 wherein each image is recorded on one frame of a cinematographic film.
 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the images and the associated indicators are recorded on the same storage medium.
 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the images and the associated indicators are recorded on the same storage medium, the storage medium comprising sound cinematographic film.
 22. The method of claim 20 wherein each image and its associated indicator are recorded on the same frame of cinematographic film.
 23. The method of claim 20 wherein each image and associated indicator are recorded on different frames of the same cinematographic film, the associated indicator being recorded on a frame prior to the frame bearing the image.
 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the images and associated indicators are recorded on separate and distinct moving storage media, the motions of which storage media are synchronized together.
 25. A method according to claim 17 wherein each associated indicator is recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code.
 26. The method of claim 17 wherein the indicator-recording storage medium is advanced in discrete steps during recording.
 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the image-recording storage medium is advanced in discrete jumps corresponding to frames of a cinematographic film.
 28. The method of claim 17 wherein the indicator-recording storage medium is advanced continuously during recording.
 29. Apparatus for recording pictures for subsequent projection successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising: A. first and second storage media; B. means for successively recording pictorial images on saId first storage medium; and C. means for successively recording indicators of the relative projection position to be associated with each image on said second storage medium, the orientation of the image recording apparatus being recorded in real time in the course of image recording as the associated indicator; whereby subsequent projection of each recorded image through a projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected image is modifiable according to the recorded associated indicator to project the image onto a region of the screen corresponding to the position of the image during recording.
 30. A method for projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising the steps of: A. reading a storage medium containing the projection position indicators associated with the pictorial images to be projected and successively adjusting the projection orientation of a projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in the associated indicators, the associated indicators representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in the course of real time image recording; and B. reading a storage medium containing the images and projecting the images through the projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected images to project the images onto regions of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the images during recording.
 31. The method of claim 30 wherein the storage medium containing the images is photographic film.
 32. The method of claim 31 wherein the storage medium containing the images is cinematographic film and each frame thereof contains a single image.
 33. The method of claim 30 wherein the same storage medium contains the images and associated indicators.
 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the same storage medium is sound cinematographic film.
 35. The method of claim 34 wherein the same storage medium is cinematographic film and each image and associated indicator are read from the same frame thereof.
 36. The method of claim 35 wherein each associated indicator is read prior to the image.
 37. The method of claim 34 wherein the same storage medium is cinematographic film and each image and associated indicator are read from different frames thereof, the frame bearing associated indicator being read prior to the frame bearing the image.
 38. The method of claim 30 wherein the image and associated indicator are read from separate and distinct moving storage media, the motions of which storage media are synchronized together.
 39. A method according to claim 30 wherein each associated indicator is comprised of bits read as a site-azimuth code.
 40. The method of claim 30 wherein the indicator-containing storage medium is read in discrete steps.
 41. The method of claim 40 wherein the image-containing storage medium is advanced during reading in discrete jumps corresponding to frames of a cinematographic film.
 42. The method of claim 30 wherein the indicator-containing storage medium is advanced continuously during reading.
 43. The method of claim 30 wherein the projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about different orthogonal axes according to the associated indicators to cause a resultant two dimensional deflection of the projected images.
 44. The method of claim 30 wherein the projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the associated indicators to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected images.
 45. Apparatus for projecting pictures successively onto various areas of a substantially oversized screen in a predetermined pattern comprising: A. a projection system; B. first and second storage media; said first storage medium bearing pictorial images and said second storage medium bearing indicators of the relative projection positions to Be associated with the images, the associated indicators representing the orientation of the image recording apparatus in the course of real time image recording; C. means for reading said second storage medium and adjusting the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with information contained in the associated indicators thereon; and D. means for reading said first storage medium and projecting the images through said projection system onto a screen substantially oversized relative to the projected images to project the images onto regions of the screen corresponding to the real time position of the images during image recording.
 46. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (B) the indicator is electromagnetically recorded on the storage medium, and in step (C) the associated indicator is electromagnetically read from the storage medium containing the associated indicator.
 47. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (C) the projection orientation of the projection system is adjusted exclusively in accordance with the information contained in the indicator.
 48. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about different orthogonal axes according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant two dimensional deflection of the projected image.
 49. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the associated indicator to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected image.
 50. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said indicator recording means records the indicator electromagnetically on said second storage medium, and said means for reading said second storage medium electromagnetically reads the indicator.
 51. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said projection orientation adjusting means adjusts the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with the information contained in the indicator.
 52. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said indicator recording means records the indicator as bits representing a site-azimuth code, and said means for reading said second storage medium reads the bits of the indicator on said second storage medium as a site-azimuth code.
 53. The method of claim 17 wherein in step (B) the indicator is electromagnetically recorded on the storage medium.
 54. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said indicator recording means electromagnetically records the indicators on said second storage medium.
 55. The apparatus of claim 29 wherein said indicator recording means records each indicator as bits representing a site-azimuth code.
 56. The method of claim 30 wherein in step (A) the indicators are electromagnetically read from said storage medium.
 57. The method of claim 30 wherein in step (A) the projection orientation of the projection system is adjusted exclusively in accordance with the information contained in the indicators.
 58. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said projection system includes a pair of mirrors rotatable about different orthogonal axes according to the indicators to cause a resultant two dimensional deflection of the projected images.
 59. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said projection system includes a mirror rotatable about only one orthogonal axis according to the indicators to cause a resultant one dimensional deflection of the projected images.
 60. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein the indicators are electromagnetically recorded on said second storage medium, and said means for reading said second storage medium reads the indicators electromagnetically from said second storage medium.
 61. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said projection orientation adjusting means adjusts the projection orientation of said projection system exclusively in accordance with the information contained in the indicators.
 62. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein the indicators are recorded as bits representing a site-azimuth code.
 63. The apparatus of claim 45 including means for advancing the indicator-containing storage medium continuously during reading. 